17/2022

Marta Candeias Luna
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-8322
University of Granada
e-mail address: Martacandeias3@hotmail.com

This essay aims to rethink concepts such as ideology, agency and resistance in order to problematise how these are being instrumentalised by nation states to create hierarchical differentiating categories under the umbrella of citizenship. In order to address the idea of otherness that sustains the discourses that have been generated around citizenship as an element that not only legitimises the existing system, but also the identities and subjectivities that may or may not form part of the enunciated norm.

Through this journey, other ways of approaching these concepts from and for the identities of the margins will be presented, with the intention not to enunciate new truths or definitions of the concepts addressed, but to try to make visible the existing gaps in the system and how we can build on and thanks to these „borders”.

Keywords: ideology, agency, resistance, citizenship, margins.

Tetiana Sukhorebra
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-4574
Vinnytsia Institute of trade and economics of State University of Trade and Economics
e-mail: suhorebra.t.i@gmail.com 

The article notes that the concept of “environmental policy” is often used in regulations, but its content is not disclosed. This determines the relevance of scientific research in this field. The article is devoted to the study of essence and substance, the specifics of the implementation of Ukraine’s environmental policy at the local levels. Environmental policy analysis through the prism of the legal nature of public administration in the field of environment allows the division of its directions and levels of implementation.

 The realization of state environmental policy on the ground is implemented simultaneously by three systems: the system of local councils and their executive bodies, the system of local state administrations and the system of territorial executive bodies in the field of environmental management. The subjects of these systems interact on the basis of coordination and subordination and endowed with broad powers in the field of environmental management within their territories. Research of the environmental component at the local level is inextricably linked with developments in the direction of environmental protection security of the region and the state. Adjacent to the concept of environmental policy is the concept of public administration: in the environmental sphere, nature management, natural resources, environmental protection. The concepts of “environmental management”, “environmental and economic management”, “environmental activities” and others are also common among scientists.

Keywords: ecology, environmental policy, public administration, environmental management, legal acts.

Mikołaj Mirecki
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-3565
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
e-mail: mikolaj.mirecki@student.uwm.edu.pl

The right to freedom of conscience and religion is one of the fundamental rights of every individual. It is not only a law, but also a specific human freedom that regulates life in society. Access to these rights and freedoms is granted to every person, regardless of sex, nationality, faith or even social status. The law of religious freedom must be respected in all areas of life. Penitentiary isolation is a reality guided by different principles. Persons convicted by final court judgments face certain limitations, but under Polish law they are guaranteed freedom of conscience and religion. This is mainly mentioned in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The author, considering the subject of penitentiary isolation in theory and practice, focused primarily on the relationship between reality and legal regulations. The author conducted an interview in the Gniezno Metropolitan Curia with bp. Radosław Orchowicz, who for many years served as a prison chaplain.

Keywords: prison isolation, right to religious freedom, prison chaplain, inmate

Weronika Stawińska-Artecka
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1495-6615
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
e-mail: stawinska.weronika@gmail.com

The guiding principle of a penal law, of fundamental importance for human rights, is the principle of legalism - nullum crimen sine lege, which means that there is no criminal act without a precise definition of it in a legal act. When the principle in question is implemented, every person can be sure that they will be punished only for the conduct strictly specified in the legal act and within limits prescribed by law. The rule discussed above also applies to acts that constitute administrative offences. Compliance with this rule is essential in the model of liability for them because the anticipated fines are counted in millions of zlotys, as in the case of banking law, and the legislator continues to expand the catalogue of legal acts, in which this category of acts is introduced. In Poland and Germany, the liability model for administrative offences is shaped differently, and in both countries, there is a visible increase in the number of regulations introducing this type of liability. The above shows a new challenge, the need to verify that the nullum crimen sine lege principle is guaranteed to the persons concerned.

Keywords: nullum crimen sine lege principle, human rights, administrative offences, banking law, financial penalty.

Nina Błaszczyk
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-389X
Akademia Humanistyczno-Ekonomiczna w Łodzi
e-mail: n.blaszczyk@onet.pl

The article deals with the understanding of tolerance and social attitudes towards phenomena considered “other” or “foreign”. An attempt to define the term and signal inaccuracies in its interpretation was carried out  through a case study of selected problems of modern society. The divisions concerning, among others, the situation of sexual minorities, the Catholic Church and the coronavirus pandemic. The main aim of the article is to encourage critical self-reflection and to promote proper tolerant attitudes. It has been noticed that the mere manifestation of views with the use of slogans is not tantamount to active action. Increasing social awareness on this subject can contribute to building empathetic and kind understanding, as well as a deliberate dialogue across divisions. Every person, regardless of their views, origin or religion, deserves respect and approval.

Keywords: contemporary tolerance, discrimination, respect, communication, responsibility, the Catholic Church, national minorities, the LGBT + community, the coronavirus pandemic.

Dawid Świderski
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-4068
Akademia Humanistyczno-Ekonomiczna w Łodzi
e-mail: flaming725@windowslive.com

God is one, just as Love is one and He is Love. The Ecumenical Language of the 21st century is an attempt to describe the progress that is taking place on the path towards building the Church of One God.

Keywords: love, God, unity, ecumenism, the Bible.